Journal: Disease Models & Mechanisms

Article Title: Individual components of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex have distinct roles in memory neurons of the Drosophila mushroom body

doi: 10.1242/dmm.037325

Figure Lengend Snippet: Some SWI/SNF components are required for MBγ neuron remodelling. (A) Schematic diagram of MBγ neuron remodelling. APF, after pupae formation. The dashed line indicates the part of the MBγ lobe that is pruned. (B-D) Confocal projections showing MB neurons labelled with R14H06-Gal4 and UAS-mCD8::GFP . Controls expressing an RNAi against mCherry were compared to SWI/SNF knockdown RNAi lines for Bap60 ( UAS-Bap60 32503 ), Snr1 ( UAS-Snr1 32372 ) and E(y)3 [ UAS-e(y)3 32346 ]. Images were obtained for adults (B), third-instar larvae (C) and early pupae (D). FasII was labelled by immunohistochemistry. Scale bars: 50 µm. Arrows indicate the location of unpruned MBγ axons. For each genotype and developmental stage, we imaged a minimum of ten brains. Larval (C) and pupal (D) phenotypes were 100% penetrant. The penetrance of adult phenotypes is quantified in Fig. 3 .

Article Snippet: For immunohistochemistry, fixed brains were incubated overnight with the primary antibodies anti-FasII (1:25; DSHB, 1D1), anti-Brp (1:50; DSHB, nc82) and anti-EcR-B1 (1:25; DSHB, AD4.4), and the secondary antibody goat anti-mouse DyLight 594 (1:300).

Techniques: Expressing, Knockdown, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: PLoS Genetics

Article Title: p53-dependent programmed necrosis controls germ cell homeostasis during spermatogenesis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007024

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) In Drosophila testis apical tip, germ stem cells (GSCs) in contact with somatic hub cells (asterisk), which express Fasciclin III (FasIII), self-renew and generate goniablasts (GB) that produce spermatogonial cysts, some of which are eliminated by necrosis (germ cell death [GCD], in red). Increasing level of Bam (pink to magenta) induce maturation of spermatogonia into spermatocytes, which produce cysts of 64 spermatids by meiosis. Spermatids elongate with nuclei at the base of the testis (blue) and undergo individualization when F-actin investment cones form the individualization complex (IC, red). The IC moves toward the sperm tails (brown dashed arrow) within a structure known as the cystic bulge, which then forms the waste bag. Somatic cells and the seminal vesicle are omitted, and cell size is not to scale. ( B, C ) Propidium iodide (PI) staining of wt ( B ) and p53 -/- ( p53 5A-1-4 , C ) testes. Necrotic cells are indicated with white arrowheads. Nuclei are stained with DAPI. Scale bar, 40 μm. ( D ) Quantification of PI + GCs in wt and p53 -/- ( p53 5A-1-4 ) , dronc -/- ( dronc I29/L32 ), and debcl -/- ( debcl 27 ) mutant testes (mean ± s.e.m. of three independent experiments, N testes/genotype). *** p < 0.001 by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. ( E-E” ) Electron micrographs of wt necrotic GC. Nucleus (N) and cytoplasm (cyt) are indicated. In the magnified views ( E' and E” indicated by dashed red box in E ) red arrowhead and arrows indicate plasma membrane (pm) and nuclear membrane (nm) ruptures, respectively. Scale bar in E , 1 μm. ( F, G ) TUNEL + Vasa + spermatogonial cysts (arrowheads) in wt ( F ) and p53 -/- ( p53 5A-1-4 , G ) adult Drosophila testes. TUNEL + cells are indicated with white arrowheads. Nuclei are stained with DAPI and the hub region is indicated with a white asterisk. Scale bar, 40 μm. ( H , I ) p53 immunostaining of wild-type ( wt ) and p53 -/- adult Drosophila testes. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (insets H' , I' ). Scale bar, 40 μm. ( J-J” ) GFP immunostaining (green in J and J” ) of adult Drosophila testes harboring the p53RE-GFPnls reporter and co-stained for TUNEL (red in J” ). A GFP + TUNEL + necrotic spermatogonial cyst (orange box in J ) is indicated by a white arrowhead ( J and J” ). The hub region is indicated with a white asterisk ( J and J” ). Nuclei are stained with DAPI (inset J' corresponding to the orange box in J ). Scale bar, 30 μm.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies were p53 (25F4, 1:500; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank [DSHB]), Vasa (rat, 1:400; DSHB), aPKC (rabbit, 1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), PH3 (mouse, 1:500; Millipore), Fasciclin III (mouse, 1:500; DSHB 7G10), Bam (mouse, 1:50; DSHB), cleaved caspase-3 (rabbit, 1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology), GFP (rabbit, 1:200; Invitrogen), Dsp-1 (rabbit, 1:500; [ ]), and cleaved Dcp-1 (rabbit, 1:100; Cell Signaling Technology) [ , ].

Techniques: Staining, Mutagenesis, Two Tailed Test, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, TUNEL Assay, Immunostaining